WAEC Syllabus for Chemistry & Approved Textbooks 2023/2024

The West African Examinations Council (WAEC) syllabus for Chemistry is a comprehensive outline of the topics, subtopics, and learning objectives that candidates are expected to cover in the Chemistry exam. The syllabus is designed to guide teachers, tutors, and candidates on the content and structure of the Chemistry exam.

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The WAEC Chemistry syllabus covers topics in both theoretical and practical aspects of Chemistry, including atomic structure, chemical bonding, reaction kinetics, organic and inorganic chemistry, environmental chemistry, among others. The syllabus also emphasizes the importance of laboratory work in Chemistry and provides guidelines for the practical aspects of the exam.

More Of WAEC Syllabus

Candidates are advised to study the WAEC Chemistry syllabus thoroughly and to use it as a guide for their studies and exam preparation. The syllabus can be obtained from the WAEC website or other authorized sources and is usually available in both hard copy and electronic formats.

WAEC Syllabus for Chemistry & approved Textbooks 2023/2024

The West African Examinations Council (WAEC) syllabus for Chemistry for the 2023/2024 academic year is yet to be released. However, the syllabus for the previous year may still be used as a guide for exam preparation.

For the 2022/2023 academic year, the WAEC Chemistry syllabus is divided into three sections: Section A, B, and C. Section A covers the structure of matter, atomic structure, chemical bonding, periodic table and periodicity of elements, and the states of matter. Section B covers quantitative chemistry, organic chemistry, and environmental chemistry. Section C focuses on reaction kinetics, thermodynamics, and electrochemistry.

The approved textbooks for the WAEC Chemistry exam include:

1. New School Chemistry for Senior Secondary Schools by O.Y. Ababio
2. Comprehensive Chemistry for Senior Secondary Schools by S. N. Ofori
3. Exam Focus Chemistry for Senior Secondary Schools by Adeniyi and Adeniyi
4. Practical Chemistry for Senior Secondary Schools by Godwin Ojokuku
5. Chemistry for Senior Secondary Schools by A. O. Ojokuku

Candidates are advised to study the recommended textbooks in addition to the WAEC Chemistry syllabus to improve their understanding of the subject and increase their chances of success in the exam.

Examination Scheme

The examination scheme for the WAEC Chemistry exam is divided into two parts: Part A and Part B.

Part A

Part A comprises of fifty (50) multiple-choice questions worth one mark each. This section covers the theoretical aspects of the subject and assesses candidates' knowledge and understanding of Chemistry.

Part B

Part B comprises of three sections: Section I, II, and III.

Section I contains short-answer questions that require candidates to apply their knowledge of Chemistry to specific situations.

Section II contains structured questions that assess candidates' problem-solving skills and ability to analyze and interpret data.

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Section III contains a practical component that assesses candidates' laboratory skills and their ability to carry out experiments, analyze and interpret data, and draw valid conclusions.

Candidates are expected to answer all questions in the exam and are advised to manage their time effectively to ensure that they complete the exam within the allotted time. The WAEC Chemistry exam is usually three hours long, and candidates are expected to arrive at the exam venue at least 30 minutes before the start of the exam.

WAEC Chemistry Syllabus

The WAEC Chemistry syllabus covers a wide range of topics in both theoretical and practical aspects of Chemistry. The following is an overview of the topics covered in the WAEC Chemistry syllabus under the introduction to Chemistry:

1. Basic concepts in Chemistry: Definition of Chemistry, states of matter, physical and chemical changes, elements, compounds, and mixtures, and the periodic table.

2. Atomic structure: Atomic models, atomic number, mass number, isotopes, electronic configuration, and the periodic table.

3. Chemical bonding: Types of chemical bonds, Lewis structures, electronegativity, polar and nonpolar molecules, and intermolecular forces.

4. Stoichiometry and the mole concept: Chemical equations, mole concept, mole-mass and mole-volume relationships, and limiting and excess reactants.

5. Gaseous state: Gas laws, kinetic molecular theory, and the ideal gas law.

6. Acids, bases, and salts: Properties of acids, bases, and salts, acid-base theories, pH, buffer solutions, and salt hydrolysis.

7. Redox reactions: Oxidation and reduction, redox equations, balancing redox equations, and electrochemical cells.

8. Organic Chemistry: Introduction to organic chemistry, naming and properties of hydrocarbons, functional groups, isomerism, and the reactions of organic compounds.

9. Environmental Chemistry: Sources and effects of pollutants, atmospheric pollution, water pollution, and soil pollution.

Structure of the Atom

The following is an outline of the topics covered under the Structure of the Atom section in the WAEC Chemistry syllabus:

1. Fundamental particles: Protons, electrons, and neutrons, their discovery, properties, and distribution in atoms.

2. Atomic models: Dalton's atomic theory, Thomson's model of the atom, Rutherford's model of the atom, Bohr's model of the atom, and the modern atomic model.

3. Atomic number, mass number, and isotopes: Definition of atomic number, mass number, and isotopes, and their relationship.

4. Electronic configuration: Electronic configuration of atoms, the aufbau principle, Hund's rule, and the Pauli exclusion principle.

5. The periodic table: The arrangement of elements in the periodic table, periodic trends in atomic and physical properties of elements, and the periodic law.

6. Nuclear chemistry: Nuclear reactions, alpha, beta, and gamma decay, half-life, and nuclear fission and fusion.

Standard Separation Techniques for Mixtures

The following is an outline of the topics covered under the Standard Separation Techniques for Mixtures section in the WAEC Chemistry syllabus:

1. Filtration: Definition, principles of filtration, and types of filters.

2. Crystallization: Definition, principles of crystallization, and factors that affect the rate of crystallization.

3. Chromatography: Definition, principles of chromatography, types of chromatography, and applications of chromatography.

4. Distillation: Definition, principles of distillation, types of distillation, and applications of distillation.

5. Extraction: Definition, principles of extraction, types of extraction, and applications of extraction.

6. Sublimation: Definition, principles of sublimation, and applications of sublimation.

7. Evaporation: Definition, principles of evaporation, and applications of evaporation.

8. Fractional distillation: Definition, principles of fractional distillation, and applications of fractional distillation.

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Periodic Chemistry

The following is an outline of the topics covered under the Periodic Chemistry section in the WAEC Chemistry syllabus:

1. Historical development of the Periodic Table: Dalton's atomic theory, Mendeleev's periodic law, modern periodic law, and the arrangement of elements in the Periodic Table.

2. Classification of elements: Metals, non-metals, and metalloids.

3. Groups and periods of the Periodic Table: Definition, properties, and trends in groups and periods.

4. Atomic structure: Definition of atomic structure, atomic number, mass number, isotopes, electronic configuration, and orbital notation.

5. Chemical bonding: Types of chemical bonds (ionic, covalent, and metallic), Lewis structures, and molecular geometry.

6. Chemical reactions: Types of chemical reactions (combination, decomposition, displacement, and double displacement), balancing chemical equations, and stoichiometry.

7. Acids, bases, and salts: Definition, properties, and reactions of acids, bases, and salts.

8. Redox reactions: Definition of oxidation and reduction, oxidation numbers, and balancing redox equations.

Chemical Bonds

The following is a list of topics covered under Chemical Bonds in the WAEC Chemistry Syllabus:

1. Types of Chemical Bonds

• a. Ionic Bonds
  b. Covalent Bonds
  c. Metallic Bonds

2. Properties of Chemical Bonds

• a. Bond Length
  b. Bond Strength
  c. Bond Polarity

3. Lewis Structures and Molecular Geometry

• a. Drawing Lewis Structures
  b. Molecular Geometry and Bond Angles
  c. Polar and Non-Polar Molecules

4. Intermolecular Forces

• a. London Dispersion Forces
  b. Dipole-Dipole Forces
  c. Hydrogen Bonding

5. Chemical Reactions and Bonding

• a. Bond Energy and Chemical Reactions
  b. Types of Chemical Reactions
  c. Balancing Chemical Equations and Stoichiometry

Stoichiochemistry and Chemical Reactions

The following is a list of topics covered under Stoichiometry and Chemical Reactions in the WAEC Chemistry Syllabus:

1. Chemical Equations and Stoichiometry

• a. Balancing Chemical Equations
  b. Mole Concept and Avogadro's Number
  c. Stoichiometric Calculations

2. Types of Chemical Reactions

• a. Combination Reactions
  b. Decomposition Reactions
  c. Displacement Reactions
  d. Redox Reactions
  e. Acid-Base Reactions

3. Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions

• a. Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions
  b. Enthalpy Changes
  c. Hess's Law

4. Reaction Rates and Equilibrium

• a. Factors Affecting Reaction Rates
  b. Reaction Mechanisms
  c. Equilibrium Constant and Le Chatelier's Principle

States of Matter

The following is a list of topics covered under States of Matter in the WAEC Chemistry Syllabus:

1. Kinetic Theory of Matter

• a. States of Matter
  b. Properties of Solids, Liquids and Gases
  c. Ideal Gas Law

2. Gas Laws

• a. Boyle's Law
  b. Charles' Law
  c. Gay-Lussac's Law
  d. Combined Gas Law
  e. Gas Stoichiometry

3. Liquid State

• a. Properties of Liquids
  b. Boiling and Freezing Points
  c. Surface Tension and Viscosity

4. Solutions

• a. Solubility
  b. Concentration Units
  c. Colligative Properties

5. Solid State

• a. Types of Solids
  b. Crystalline and Amorphous Solids
  c. Crystal Lattice and Unit Cell

Energy and Energy Changes

The following are the topics and subtopics covered under the Energy and Energy Changes unit in the WAEC Chemistry syllabus:

1. Energy changes during chemical reactions

• Enthalpy changes
• Enthalpy changes of reactions
• Calorimetry

2. Rates of Reaction

• The concept of reaction rates
• Factors affecting rates of reaction
• The rate law
• Order of reaction
• Rate constant
• Half-life

3. Chemical Equilibrium

• The concept of chemical equilibrium
• The equilibrium constant
• Le Chatelier's principle
• The effect of temperature, pressure and concentration on equilibrium

4. Acids, Bases, and Salts

• The concept of acids, bases, and salts
• Acid-base theories
• The pH scale
• Indicators
• Neutralization reactions
• Salt hydrolysis

5. Redox Reactions

• Oxidation and reduction
• Balancing redox reaction
• Electrochemical cells
• Galvanic cells
• Standard electrode potentials
• Corrosion

6. Electrolysis

• Electrolytes and non-electrolytes
• Faraday's laws of electrolysis
• Electroplating

7. Thermochemistry

• The first law of thermodynamics
• Hess's law of constant heat summation
• Heat of formation
• Heat of combustion
• Heat of neutralization

8. Fuel, Energy, and the Environment

• • The concept of fuels
  • Types of fuels
  • Fossil fuels
  • Alternative sources of energy
  • The impact of energy use on the environment

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Acid, Bases and Salts

The following is the syllabus list for the topic "Acid, Bases and Salts" in the WAEC Chemistry syllabus:

1. Definition and properties of acids and bases
2. Classification of acids and bases
3. Indicators and their uses in the identification of acids and bases
4. The concept of pH and its applications
5. Theories of acids and bases (Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis)
6. Reactions of acids and bases with water
7. Neutralization reactions and their applications
8. Salts: preparation, properties, and uses
9. Solubility of salts in water
10. Acid-base titrations and calculations

Solubility of Substances

The following is the syllabus list for the topic "Solubility of Substances" in the WAEC Chemistry syllabus:

1. Definition of solubility
2. Factors affecting solubility
3. Solubility curves and their use in determining solubility of substances
4. Concentration of solutions: molarity, molality, and normality
5. Preparation of solutions of known concentration
6. Dilution of solutions
7. Colligative properties of solutions: vapor pressure lowering, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and osmotic pressure
8. Raoult's law and its applications
9. Calculation of the concentration of solutions in different units.

Chemical Kinetics and Equilibrium System

The following is the syllabus list for the topic "Chemical Kinetics and Equilibrium System" in the WAEC Chemistry syllabus:

1. Rate of reaction: definition, factors affecting the rate of reaction
2. Rate laws and rate constants
3. Order of reaction, molecularity, and rate-determining step
4. Integrated rate laws and half-life
5. Activation energy and collision theory
6. Catalysis and its types
7. Chemical equilibrium: definition, homogeneous and heterogeneous equilibrium, law of mass action
8. Equilibrium constant: expression and its uses
9. Le Chatelier's principle and its application in predicting the effect of changing concentration, pressure, and temperature on the equilibrium position and equilibrium constant
10. Acid-base equilibrium, common-ion effect, and buffer solutions

REDOX Reactions

The following is the syllabus list for the topic "Redox Reactions" in the WAEC Chemistry syllabus:

1. Oxidation and reduction: definitions and examples
2. Oxidation numbers and their determination in compounds
3. Types of redox reactions: direct combination, decomposition, displacement, disproportionation
4. Balancing redox equations by the ion-electron method and the half-reaction method
5. Electrochemical cells: construction, notation, and operation
6. Electrolytic cells: construction, notation, and operation
7. Faraday's laws of electrolysis and their applications
8. Corrosion and its prevention

Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

The following is the syllabus list for the topic "Chemistry of Carbon Compounds" in the WAEC Chemistry syllabus:

1. Introduction to organic chemistry: definition and importance
2. Structure and bonding in carbon compounds: hybridization, sigma and pi bonds, isomerism
3. Functional groups and their properties: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alkyl halides, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, amines, amides, nitriles
4. Physical properties of organic compounds: solubility, boiling and melting points, optical activity, acidity and basicity
5. Nomenclature of organic compounds: IUPAC and common names
6. Isomerism in organic compounds: structural, stereoisomerism, conformational isomerism
7. Reactions of organic compounds: substitution, addition, elimination, oxidation, reduction, condensation, hydrolysis
8. Basic principles of organic reaction mechanisms
9. Biomolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, enzymes

Chemistry, Industry and the Environment

The Chemistry, Industry and the Environment syllabus for WAEC includes:

1. Chemistry and Industry

• The chemical industry and its importance
• Petrochemicals and their importance
• The impact of chemical industries on the environment

2. Pollution and the Environment

• Sources and types of pollution
• The effects of pollution on the environment
• Measures for controlling pollution

3. The Chemistry of Water

• Properties of water
• Water pollution and its control
• Treatment of water

4. Fertilizers

• The importance of fertilizers in agriculture
• Types of fertilizers
• Pollution by fertilizers

5. The Atmosphere

• Composition of the atmosphere
• Greenhouse effect and global warming
• Acid rain and its effects

6. Energy

• Forms of energy
• Fossil fuels and alternative sources of energy
• Pollution from energy sources

WAEC Chemistry Practicals

The WAEC Chemistry practicals are designed to test candidates' knowledge of practical chemistry, including laboratory skills, experimental procedures, and data analysis. The practicals are usually divided into two sections: Section A and Section B.

Section A: This section usually contains questions that test candidates' ability to carry out experiments and observe experimental procedures. Candidates are required to answer all questions in this section.

Section B: This section usually contains questions that test candidates' ability to analyze experimental data and draw conclusions. Candidates are required to answer all questions in this section.

The WAEC Chemistry practicals cover topics such as:

1. Qualitative Analysis
2. Quantitative Analysis
3. Volumetric Analysis
4. Gas Collection
5. Electrical Conductivity of Solutions
6. Thermochemistry
7. Rate of Reactions

WAEC Chemistry Textbooks 2023/2024

Some of the recommended textbooks for the WAEC Chemistry exam include:

1. New School Chemistry by Osei Yaw Ababio
2. Comprehensive Chemistry by J.B. Adeniyi
3. Senior Secondary Chemistry by Bajah, S.T., Teibo, B.O., Onwu, G and Obikwere, A.
4. Essential Chemistry for Senior Secondary Schools by O.N. Ibim
5. Countdown to WASSCE/SSCE, NECO, JME Chemistry by Uchechukwu. E. Collins
6. Exam Focus Chemistry for WASSCE & JME by Akinola Oluwasegun
7. WAEC approved textbooks by P.N. Uzorh and A.N. Amadi.

These textbooks are readily available in bookshops and online stores. Candidates are advised to obtain and study these textbooks in addition to the WAEC Chemistry syllabus to adequately prepare for the exam.

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